Melanoma: : A form of cancer that begins in melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin). It may begin in a mole (skin melanoma), but can also begin in other pigmented tissues, such as in the eye or in the intestines. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal, or "ugly looking."
Treatment
Surgery is the first treatment of all stages of melanoma. Other treatments include chemotherapy and radiation, biologic, and targeted therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.
Multiple myeloma : Multiple myeloma, also known as myeloma, plasma cell myeloma or Kahler's disease , is a hematologic cancer, or cancer of the blood. It is the second most common blood cancer, after non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In multiple myeloma, a certain kind of white blood cell called a plasma cell begins to multiply abnormally within the bone marrow. Normally, plasma cells are responsible for producing antibodies that help fight infections. In multiple myeloma, however, excessive plasma cells release unhealthy levels of protein (called immunoglobulin) into the bones and blood. The excessive protein accumulates throughout the body, causing organ damage.
The plasma cells also cause problems inside bones, where they multiply and crowd out normal blood cells. Inside the bone marrow, multiple myeloma plasma cells release chemicals that prompt the body to dissolve areas of bone. This creates weak areas of bone, which are called lytic lesions.
symptoms
As multiple myeloma progresses, plasma cells accumulate in the bones, causing these symptoms:
• Bone pain due to lytic bone disease
• Weakness and fatigue due to anemia
• Weight loss
• Confusion, excessive thirst, constipation due to hypercalcemia
• Kidney problems
• Infections due to non-functioning immunoglobulins.
Medication
To treat multiple myeloma, doctors generally use a combination of chemotherapy and other drugs, which may include:
• Adriamycin (doxorubicin)
• Alkeran (melphalan)
• Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide)
• Oncovin (vincristine)
• Pomalyst (pomalidomide)
• Revlimid (lenalidomide)
• Thalomid (thalidomide)
• Velcade (bortezomib)
Doctors can choose from multiple combinations of chemotherapy drugs. Corticosteroids (such as prednisone or dexamethasone) are often given with chemotherapy, to reduce side effects. Interferon is a hormone-like drug that can help keep multiple myeloma in remission after chemotherapy.
Breastcancer : Breastcancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.
Treatment
Surgery, radiation ,medications
medications
There are currently three main groups of medications used for adjuvant breast cancer treatment: hormone-blocking agents, chemotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies.
Hormone blocking therapy
tamoxifen (Nolvadex), anastrozoleor letrozole
Chemotherapy
Cyclophosphamide with doxorubicin (Adriamycin). Sometimes a taxane drug, such as docetaxel (Taxotere), is added, and the regime is then known as "CAT". Another common treatment, which produces equivalent results is cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (or "CMF").
Monoclonal antibodies - Trastuzumab