Acne vulgaris : Acne vulgaris (or simply acne) is a common human skin disease, characterized by areas of skin with seborrhea (scaly red skin), comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules (pinheads), nodules (large papules), pimples, and possibly scarring. Acne affects mostly skin with the densest population of sebaceous follicles; these areas include the face, the upper part of the chest, and the back.
Treatment - Treatment of acne should be commenced early to prevent scarring. Patients should be counselled that an improvement may not be seen for at least a couple of months. The choice of treatment depends on whether the acne is predominantly inflammatory or comedonal and its severity.
(1) Mild to moderate acne is generally treated with topical preparations such as topical retinoids ( Tretinoin and Isotretinoin),Adapalene, Benzoyl peroxide, Azelaic acid,Salicylic acid, Erythromycin and Clindamycin
(2) Severe acne is generally treated with Oral antibiotics such as oxytetracycline or tetracycline,Erythromycin,Trimethoprim, Doxycycline and minocycline
(3) Hormone treatment - Cyproterone acetate with ethinylestradiol
(4) Oral retinoid for acne -Iisotretinoin
Pneumonia : Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. It is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly other microorganisms, certain drugs and other conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Typical symptoms include a cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
Patients with pneumonia are treated with amoxicillin, doxycycline, clarithromycin or oral macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, or erythromycin).Patients with other serious illnesses, such as heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or emphysema, kidney disease, or diabetes are often given more powerful and/or higher dose antibiotics like third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin. In addition to antibiotics, treatment includes: proper diet and oxygen to increase oxygen in the blood when needed. In some patients, medication to ease chest pain and to provide relief from violent cough may be necessary.
Chlamydia : Chlamydia is an infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is most commonly sexually transmitted. Chlamydia infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Sexually active individuals and individuals with multiple partners are at highest risk.
Symptoms
As many as 25% of men with chlamydia have no symptoms. In men, chlamydia may produce symptoms similar to gonorrhea. Symptoms may include:
• Burning sensation during urination
• Discharge from the penis or rectum
• Testicular tenderness or pain
• Rectal discharge or pain
About 70% of women with chlamydia have no symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include:
• Burning sensation during urination
• Painful sexual intercourse
• Rectal pain or discharge
• Symptoms of PID, salpingitis, liver inflammation similar to hepatitis
• Vaginal discharge
Treatment
The usual treatment for chlamydia is antibiotics, including tetracyclines, azithromycin, or erythromycin.