Atopic dermatitis : Atopic dermatitis also known as atopic eczema or eczema is a type of dermatitis, an inflammatory, relapsing, non-contagious and itchy skin disorder. People with AD often have dry and scaly skin that spans the entire body, except perhaps the diaper area, and intensely itchy red, splotchy, raised lesions to form in the bends of the arms or legs, face and neck. These lesions then weep, crack, swell and crust over. These lesions are at a heightened risk for bacterial, fungal or viral colonisation.
Eczema may affect any area of your skin, but it typically appears on your arms and behind your knees. It tends to flare periodically and then subside. The cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown, but it may result from a combination of inherited tendencies for sensitive skin and malfunction in the body's immune system.
Following factors worsen the symptoms of atopic dermatitis-
• Exposure to environmental irritants like pollen, mold, dust mites, or animals\
• Dry skin
• Exposure to water
• Sudden temperature changes
• Stress
• Cold and dry air in the winter
• Colds or flu
• Contact with chemicals
• Contact with rough materials, like wool
• Certain fragrances or dyes added to skin lotions or soaps
Medication
Topical corticosteroids - methylprednisolone, fluocinolone, clobetasol, betamethason,dexamethasone, prednisone
Immuno suppresents - Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate mofetil
Antihistamine - Cetrizine
Dermatitis or eczema : Dermatitis or eczema is inflammation of the skin. It is characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping, and crusting patches. The term eczema is also commonly used to describe atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema.
There is no known cure for eczema; with treatment aiming to control symptoms by reducing inflammation and relieving itching. Lifestyle, Moisturizers also can be used. If symptoms are well controlled with moisturizers, steroids may only be required when flares occur. Topical immunosuppressants like pimecrolimus and tacrolimus may be better in the short term and appear equal to steroids after a year of use.
Eczema : Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis, or atopic eczema (the most common form of eczema). Atopic eczema mainly affects children, but it can continue into adulthood or start later in life. Eczema symptoms include itchy, red, and dry skin caused by inflammation. It’s most commonly found in children, although adults can get it. It is also called atopic dermatitis and is treated with oral medications, steroid creams and light therapy .
Drugs used
Tacrolimus, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Prednisone