Atopic dermatitis : Atopic dermatitis also known as atopic eczema or eczema is a type of dermatitis, an inflammatory, relapsing, non-contagious and itchy skin disorder. People with AD often have dry and scaly skin that spans the entire body, except perhaps the diaper area, and intensely itchy red, splotchy, raised lesions to form in the bends of the arms or legs, face and neck. These lesions then weep, crack, swell and crust over. These lesions are at a heightened risk for bacterial, fungal or viral colonisation.
Eczema may affect any area of your skin, but it typically appears on your arms and behind your knees. It tends to flare periodically and then subside. The cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown, but it may result from a combination of inherited tendencies for sensitive skin and malfunction in the body's immune system.
Following factors worsen the symptoms of atopic dermatitis-
• Exposure to environmental irritants like pollen, mold, dust mites, or animals\
• Dry skin
• Exposure to water
• Sudden temperature changes
• Stress
• Cold and dry air in the winter
• Colds or flu
• Contact with chemicals
• Contact with rough materials, like wool
• Certain fragrances or dyes added to skin lotions or soaps
Medication
Topical corticosteroids - methylprednisolone, fluocinolone, clobetasol, betamethason,dexamethasone, prednisone
Immuno suppresents - Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate mofetil
Antihistamine - Cetrizine
Psoriasis : Psoriasis a complex, chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate. Environmental, genetic, and immunologic factors appear to play a role. The disease most commonly manifests on the skin of the elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas, intergluteal clefts, and glans penis. In up to 30% of patients, the joints are also affected.
Medications used in the management of psoriasis include Topical corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone acetonide 0.025-0.1% cream, betamethasone 0.025-0.1% cream), Ophthalmic corticosteroids (eg, prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic, dexamethasone ophthalmic), Intramuscular corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone). Coal tar ,Keratolytic agents (eg, anthralin), Vitamin D analogs (eg, calcitriol ointment, calcipotriene, calcipotriene and betamethasone topical ointment) and Topical retinoids (eg, tazarotene aqueous gel and cream 0.05% and 0.1%) are frequently used in the management of Psoriasis. Other choices include Antimetabolites (eg, methotrexate), Immunomodulators (eg, tacrolimus topical 0.1%, cyclosporine, alefacept, ustekinumab), TNF inhibitors (eg, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab) and Systemic antipsoriatic agents. (eg, ustekinumab)