Multiple myeloma : Multiple myeloma, also known as myeloma, plasma cell myeloma or Kahler's disease , is a hematologic cancer, or cancer of the blood. It is the second most common blood cancer, after non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In multiple myeloma, a certain kind of white blood cell called a plasma cell begins to multiply abnormally within the bone marrow. Normally, plasma cells are responsible for producing antibodies that help fight infections. In multiple myeloma, however, excessive plasma cells release unhealthy levels of protein (called immunoglobulin) into the bones and blood. The excessive protein accumulates throughout the body, causing organ damage. The plasma cells also cause problems inside bones, where they multiply and crowd out normal blood cells. Inside the bone marrow, multiple myeloma plasma cells release chemicals that prompt the body to dissolve areas of bone. This creates weak areas of bone, which are called lytic lesions. symptoms As multiple myeloma progresses, plasma cells accumulate in the bones, causing these symptoms: • Bone pain due to lytic bone disease • Weakness and fatigue due to anemia • Weight loss • Confusion, excessive thirst, constipation due to hypercalcemia • Kidney problems • Infections due to non-functioning immunoglobulins. Medication To treat multiple myeloma, doctors generally use a combination of chemotherapy and other drugs, which may include: • Adriamycin (doxorubicin) • Alkeran (melphalan) • Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) • Oncovin (vincristine) • Pomalyst (pomalidomide) • Revlimid (lenalidomide) • Thalomid (thalidomide) • Velcade (bortezomib) Doctors can choose from multiple combinations of chemotherapy drugs. Corticosteroids (such as prednisone or dexamethasone) are often given with chemotherapy, to reduce side effects. Interferon is a hormone-like drug that can help keep multiple myeloma in remission after chemotherapy.


Anemia : Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood. Anemia is a medical condition in which a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemic men hemoglobin level is less than 13.5 gram/100 and for a anemic women hemoglobin level is less than 12.0 gram/100 ml. Anemia is caused by either a decrease in production of red blood cells or hemoglobin, or an increase in loss or destruction of red blood cells. Some patients with anemia have no symptoms. Others may feel tired, easily fatigued, appear pale, a feeling of heart racing, short of breath, and/or worsening of heart problems. Anemia can be detected by a simple blood test called a complete blood cell count (CBC). The treatment of the anemia varies greatly and very much depends on the particular cause. Treatment – Treatment of anemia is done by 1. Oral iron 2. Injectable iron 3. Blood transfusions 4. Human Erythropoietin Injection


Multiple myeloma : Multiple myeloma, also known as myeloma, plasma cell myeloma or Kahler's disease , is a hematologic cancer, or cancer of the blood. It is the second most common blood cancer, after non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In multiple myeloma, a certain kind of white blood cell called a plasma cell begins to multiply abnormally within the bone marrow. Normally, plasma cells are responsible for producing antibodies that help fight infections. In multiple myeloma, however, excessive plasma cells release unhealthy levels of protein (called immunoglobulin) into the bones and blood. The excessive protein accumulates throughout the body, causing organ damage. The plasma cells also cause problems inside bones, where they multiply and crowd out normal blood cells. Inside the bone marrow, multiple myeloma plasma cells release chemicals that prompt the body to dissolve areas of bone. This creates weak areas of bone, which are called lytic lesions. symptoms As multiple myeloma progresses, plasma cells accumulate in the bones, causing these symptoms: • Bone pain due to lytic bone disease • Weakness and fatigue due to anemia • Weight loss • Confusion, excessive thirst, constipation due to hypercalcemia • Kidney problems • Infections due to non-functioning immunoglobulins. Medication To treat multiple myeloma, doctors generally use a combination of chemotherapy and other drugs, which may include: • Adriamycin (doxorubicin) • Alkeran (melphalan) • Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) • Oncovin (vincristine) • Pomalyst (pomalidomide) • Revlimid (lenalidomide) • Thalomid (thalidomide) • Velcade (bortezomib) Doctors can choose from multiple combinations of chemotherapy drugs. Corticosteroids (such as prednisone or dexamethasone) are often given with chemotherapy, to reduce side effects. Interferon is a hormone-like drug that can help keep multiple myeloma in remission after chemotherapy.


Anemia : Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood. Anemia is a medical condition in which a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemic men hemoglobin level is less than 13.5 gram/100 and for a anemic women hemoglobin level is less than 12.0 gram/100 ml. Anemia is caused by either a decrease in production of red blood cells or hemoglobin, or an increase in loss or destruction of red blood cells. Some patients with anemia have no symptoms. Others may feel tired, easily fatigued, appear pale, a feeling of heart racing, short of breath, and/or worsening of heart problems. Anemia can be detected by a simple blood test called a complete blood cell count (CBC). The treatment of the anemia varies greatly and very much depends on the particular cause. Treatment – Treatment of anemia is done by 1. Oral iron 2. Injectable iron 3. Blood transfusions 4. Human Erythropoietin Injection