Allergic rhinitis : Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. It occurs when an allergen, such as pollen, dust, or animal dander (particles of shed skin and hair) is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system. In such individuals, the allergen triggers the production of the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE), which binds to mast cells and basophils containing histamine.Allergic rhinitis caused by pollens commonly called hay fever or seasonal allergy.
Drugs Used
(1) ANTIHISTAMINES - Azelastine Hydrochloride
(2) CORTICOSTEROIDS - Beclometasone, Betamethasone,Budesonide,Fflunisolide,Fluticasone, Mometasone, and Triamcinolone
(3) DECONGESTANTS - Cromoglicate
Flu : Influenza, commonly called "the flu," is an illness caused by RNA viruses that infect the respiratory tract of many animals, birds, and humans. In most people, the infection results in the person getting fever, cough, headache, and malaise (tired, no energy); some people also may develop a sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The majority of individuals has symptoms for about one to two weeks and then recovers with no problems. However, compared with most other viral respiratory infections, such as the common cold, influenza (flu) infection can cause a more severe illness with a mortality rate (death rate) of about 0.1% of people who are infected with the virus.
Treatment
1. Antiviral drugs –
(a) Neuraminidase inhibitors - Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
(b) M2 viral protein inhibitors - Amantadine and Rimantadine
2. NSAIDS
Common cold : The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract which primarily affects the nose. Symptoms include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, and fever which usually resolve in seven to ten days, with some symptoms lasting up to three weeks. Around 200 virus strains are implicated in the cause of the common cold; the rhinoviruses are the most common.
• Decongestants - Pseudoephedrine , Ipratropium
• Antihistamine - Diphenhydramine, Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramine Cetirizine, Loratadine, Terfenadine, Ketotifen
• Analgesics and Antipyretics – Ibuprofen and acetaminophen
Headache : Headache or cephalalgia is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It can be a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and neck.
amitriptyline, fluoxetine, gabapentin, tizanidine, topiramate, and botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) have been evaluated as "prophylactic treatment of chronic daily headache.