Endometriosis : Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of cells (endometrial cells) similar to those that form the inside or lining the tissue of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometrial cells are cells that are shed each month during menstruation. The cells of endometriosis attach themselves to tissue outside the uterus and are called endometriosis implants. These implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can also be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder, although less commonly than other locations in the pelvis. Rarely, endometriosis implants can occur outside the pelvis, on the liver, in old surgery scars, and even in or around the lung or brain. Endometrial implants, while they can cause problems, are benign (not cancerous). TREATMENT AND MEDICATION Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxensodium) are commonly prescribed to help relieve pelvic pain and menstrual cramping. NSAIDs are commonly used, such as naproxen or ibuprofen, are commonly used. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) have been effectively used to relieve pain and reduce the size of endometriosis implants. Oral contraceptive pills Oral contraceptive pills (estrogen and progesterone in combination) are also sometimes used to treat endometriosis. The most common combination used is in the form of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Progestins Progestins [for example, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone acetate, norgestrel acetate ] are more potent than birth control pills and are recommended for women who do not obtain pain relief from or cannot take a birth control pill. Other drugs used to treat endometriosis Danazol Danazol is a synthetic drug that creates a high androgen (male type hormone) and low estrogen hormonal environment by interfering with ovulation and ovarian production of estrogen., Aromatase inhibitors A newer approach to the treatment of endometriosis has involved the administration of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors (for example,anastrozole and letrozole ).


Menorrhagia : Heavy periods, also called menorrhagia, is when a woman loses an excessive amount of blood during consecutive periods. Menorrhagia can occur by itself or in combination with other symptoms, such as menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea). Heavy bleeding does not necessarily mean there is anything seriously wrong, but it can affect a woman physically, emotionally and socially, and can cause disruption to everyday life. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of menorrhagia may include: • Soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours • Needing to use double sanitary protection to control your menstrual flow • Needing to wake up to change sanitary protection during the night • Bleeding for a week or longer • Passing large blood clots with menstrual flow • Restricting daily activities due to heavy menstrual flow • Symptoms of anemia, such as tiredness, fatigue or shortness of breath Medications • First line • IntraUterine System insertion • Second Line • Tranexamic acid an antifibrinolytic agent • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) • Combined oral contraceptive pills to prevent proliferation of the endometrium • Third line • Oral progestogen (e.g. norethisterone), to prevent proliferation of the endometrium • Injected progestogen (e.g. Depo provera) • Other options • Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (e.g. Goserelin)


Endometriosis : Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of cells (endometrial cells) similar to those that form the inside or lining the tissue of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometrial cells are cells that are shed each month during menstruation. The cells of endometriosis attach themselves to tissue outside the uterus and are called endometriosis implants. These implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can also be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder, although less commonly than other locations in the pelvis. Rarely, endometriosis implants can occur outside the pelvis, on the liver, in old surgery scars, and even in or around the lung or brain. Endometrial implants, while they can cause problems, are benign (not cancerous). TREATMENT AND MEDICATION Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxensodium) are commonly prescribed to help relieve pelvic pain and menstrual cramping. NSAIDs are commonly used, such as naproxen or ibuprofen, are commonly used. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) have been effectively used to relieve pain and reduce the size of endometriosis implants. Oral contraceptive pills Oral contraceptive pills (estrogen and progesterone in combination) are also sometimes used to treat endometriosis. The most common combination used is in the form of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Progestins Progestins [for example, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone acetate, norgestrel acetate ] are more potent than birth control pills and are recommended for women who do not obtain pain relief from or cannot take a birth control pill. Other drugs used to treat endometriosis Danazol Danazol is a synthetic drug that creates a high androgen (male type hormone) and low estrogen hormonal environment by interfering with ovulation and ovarian production of estrogen., Aromatase inhibitors A newer approach to the treatment of endometriosis has involved the administration of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors (for example,anastrozole and letrozole ).


Menorrhagia : Heavy periods, also called menorrhagia, is when a woman loses an excessive amount of blood during consecutive periods. Menorrhagia can occur by itself or in combination with other symptoms, such as menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea). Heavy bleeding does not necessarily mean there is anything seriously wrong, but it can affect a woman physically, emotionally and socially, and can cause disruption to everyday life. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of menorrhagia may include: • Soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours • Needing to use double sanitary protection to control your menstrual flow • Needing to wake up to change sanitary protection during the night • Bleeding for a week or longer • Passing large blood clots with menstrual flow • Restricting daily activities due to heavy menstrual flow • Symptoms of anemia, such as tiredness, fatigue or shortness of breath Medications • First line • IntraUterine System insertion • Second Line • Tranexamic acid an antifibrinolytic agent • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) • Combined oral contraceptive pills to prevent proliferation of the endometrium • Third line • Oral progestogen (e.g. norethisterone), to prevent proliferation of the endometrium • Injected progestogen (e.g. Depo provera) • Other options • Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (e.g. Goserelin)