Conjunctivitis ( pinkeye ) : Conjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin clear tissue that lies over the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelid. Pinkeye has a number of different causes, including:
• Viruses
• Bacteria (such as gonorrhea or chlamydia)
• Irritants such as shampoos, dirt, smoke, and pool chlorine
• Allergies, like dust, pollen, or a special type of allergy that affects some contact lens wearers
Pinkeye caused by some bacteria and viruses can spread easily from person to person, but is not a serious health risk if diagnosed promptly. Pinkeye in newborn babies, however, should be reported to a doctor immediately, as it could be a vision-threatening infection.
Symptoms
• Blurred vision
• Crusts that form on the eyelid overnight
• Eye pain
• Gritty feeling in the eyes
• Increased tearing
• Itching of the eye
• Redness in the eyes
• Sensitivity to light
Treatment
• Treatment of conjunctivitis depends on the cause.
• Allergic conjunctivitis may respond to allergy treatment. It may disappear on its own when you avoid your allergy triggers. Cool compresses may help soothe allergic conjunctivitis.
• Antibiotic medication, usually eye drops, is effective for bacterial conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis will disappear on its own. Many doctors give a mild antibiotic eyedrops for pink eye to prevent bacterial conjunctivitis.
Acne vulgaris : Acne vulgaris (or simply acne) is a common human skin disease, characterized by areas of skin with seborrhea (scaly red skin), comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules (pinheads), nodules (large papules), pimples, and possibly scarring. Acne affects mostly skin with the densest population of sebaceous follicles; these areas include the face, the upper part of the chest, and the back.
Treatment - Treatment of acne should be commenced early to prevent scarring. Patients should be counselled that an improvement may not be seen for at least a couple of months. The choice of treatment depends on whether the acne is predominantly inflammatory or comedonal and its severity.
(1) Mild to moderate acne is generally treated with topical preparations such as topical retinoids ( Tretinoin and Isotretinoin),Adapalene, Benzoyl peroxide, Azelaic acid,Salicylic acid, Erythromycin and Clindamycin
(2) Severe acne is generally treated with Oral antibiotics such as oxytetracycline or tetracycline,Erythromycin,Trimethoprim, Doxycycline and minocycline
(3) Hormone treatment - Cyproterone acetate with ethinylestradiol
(4) Oral retinoid for acne -Iisotretinoin
Dermatitis or eczema : Dermatitis or eczema is inflammation of the skin. It is characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping, and crusting patches. The term eczema is also commonly used to describe atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema.
There is no known cure for eczema; with treatment aiming to control symptoms by reducing inflammation and relieving itching. Lifestyle, Moisturizers also can be used. If symptoms are well controlled with moisturizers, steroids may only be required when flares occur. Topical immunosuppressants like pimecrolimus and tacrolimus may be better in the short term and appear equal to steroids after a year of use.