Headache : Headache or cephalalgia is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It can be a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and neck. amitriptyline, fluoxetine, gabapentin, tizanidine, topiramate, and botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) have been evaluated as "prophylactic treatment of chronic daily headache.


Inflammation : "A fundamental pathologic process consisting of a dynamic complex of histologically apparent cytologic changes, cellular infiltration, and mediator release that occurs in the affected blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to an injury or abnormal stimulation caused by a physical, chemical, or biologic agent, including the local reactions and resulting morphologic changes; the destruction or removal of the injurious material; and the responses that lead to repair and healing. Inflammation is the body's attempt at self-protection; the aim being to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, or pathogens - and begin the healing process. When something harmful or irritating affects a part of our body, there is a biological response to try to remove it, the signs and symptoms of inflammation, specifically acute inflammation, show that the body is trying to heal itself. Inflammation does not mean infection, even when an infection causes inflammation. Infection is caused by a bacterium, virus or fungus, while inflammation is the body's response to it. Acute inflammation - starts rapidly (rapid onset) and quickly becomes severe. Signs and symptoms are only present for a few days, but in some cases may persist for a few weeks. Examples of diseases, conditions, and situations which can result in acute inflammation include: acute bronchitis, infected ingrown toenail, sore throat from a cold or flu, a scratch/cut on the skin, exercise (especially intense training), acute appendicitis, acute dermatitis, acute tonsillitis, acute infective meningitis, acute sinusitis, or a blow. Chronic inflammation - this means long-term inflammation, which can last for several months and even years. It can result from: ? Failure to eliminate whatever was causing an acute inflammation ? An autoimmune response to a self antigen - the immune system attacks healthy tissue, mistaking it (them) for harmful pathogens. ? A chronic irritant of low intensity that persists Examples of diseases and conditions with chronic inflammation include: asthma, chronicpeptic ulcer, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic periodontitis, ulcerative colitis andCrohn's disease, chronic sinusitis, and chronic active hepatitis cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, periodontitis, and hay fever Drugs Used _ NSAID’S ( Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac Sodium, Aceclofenac , Acetaminophen) and Corticosteroids ( Both Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids)


Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis : Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, also known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children under the age of 16. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis causes persistent joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Some children may experience symptoms for only a few months, while others have symptoms for the rest of their lives. The major emphasis of treatment is to help the child regain normal level of physical and social activities. This is accomplished with the use of physical therapy, pain management strategies and social support. Another emphasis of treatment is to control inflammation as well as extra-articular symptoms quickly. Doing so should help to reduce joint damage, and other symptoms, which will, help reduce levels of permanent damage leading to disability. Most children are treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Methotrexate, a disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) is a powerful drug which helps suppress joint inflammation in the majority of JIA patients with polyarthritis (though less useful in systemic arthritis).Newer drugs have been developed recently, such as TNF alpha blockers, such as etanercept


Dysmenorrhea : Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition of pain during menstruation that interferes with daily activities. Still, dysmenorrhea is often defined simply as menstrual pain, or at least menstrual pain that is excessive. Normal menstruation that happens to be painful is known as primary dysmenorrhoea. Period pain caused by certain reproductive disorders, such as endometriosis or fibroids, is known as secondary dysmenorrhoea. Symptoms of dysmenorrhea often begin immediately following ovulation and can last until the end of menstruation. Usual symptoms are Pain in the lower abdomen that can spread to the lower back and legs. Pain that is gripping or experienced as a constant ache, or a combination of both. Along with menstrual pain nausea ,vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea etc may occur.


Arthritis : Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints. There are over 100 different forms of arthritis. The most common form, osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Other arthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune diseases. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Drugs used Aceclofenac, Abatacept, Adalimumab, Celecoxib, Cyclosporine, Diclofenac, Diflunisal, Etoricoxib, Flurbiprofen, Hydrocortisone, Hydroxychloroquine, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic Acid, Meloxicam, Sulindac and Tenoxicam


Osteoarthritis : Osteoarthritis also called Degenerative joint disease, OA, Osteoarthrosis . Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, which is due to aging and wear and tear on a joint. Osteoarthritis is a normal result of aging. It is also caused by "wear and tear" on a joint. • Cartilage is the firm, rubbery tissue that cushions your bones at the joints, and allows bones to glide over one another. • If the cartilage breaks down and wears away, the bones rub together. This causes pain, swelling, and stiffness. • Bony spurs or extra bone may form around the joint. The ligaments and muscles around the joint become weaker and stiffer. Symptoms Pain and stiffness in the joints are the most common symptoms. The pain is often worse after exercise and when you put weight or pressure on the joint. MEDICATIONS Over-the-counter pain relievers, which you can buy without a prescription, can help with OA symptoms. Most doctors recommend acetaminophen (Tylenol) first, because it has fewer side effects than other drugs. If your pain continues, your doctor may recommend nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Types of NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Other medications or supplements that you may use include: • Corticosteroids injected right into the joint to reduce swelling and pain • Over-the-counter remedies such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate • Capsaicin (Zostrix) skin cream to relieve pain • Artificial joint fluid (Synvisc, Hyalgan) can be injected into the knee to relieve pain for 3 - 6 months