Endometriosis : Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of cells (endometrial cells) similar to those that form the inside or lining the tissue of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometrial cells are cells that are shed each month during menstruation. The cells of endometriosis attach themselves to tissue outside the uterus and are called endometriosis implants. These implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can also be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder, although less commonly than other locations in the pelvis. Rarely, endometriosis implants can occur outside the pelvis, on the liver, in old surgery scars, and even in or around the lung or brain. Endometrial implants, while they can cause problems, are benign (not cancerous). TREATMENT AND MEDICATION Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxensodium) are commonly prescribed to help relieve pelvic pain and menstrual cramping. NSAIDs are commonly used, such as naproxen or ibuprofen, are commonly used. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) have been effectively used to relieve pain and reduce the size of endometriosis implants. Oral contraceptive pills Oral contraceptive pills (estrogen and progesterone in combination) are also sometimes used to treat endometriosis. The most common combination used is in the form of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Progestins Progestins [for example, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone acetate, norgestrel acetate ] are more potent than birth control pills and are recommended for women who do not obtain pain relief from or cannot take a birth control pill. Other drugs used to treat endometriosis Danazol Danazol is a synthetic drug that creates a high androgen (male type hormone) and low estrogen hormonal environment by interfering with ovulation and ovarian production of estrogen., Aromatase inhibitors A newer approach to the treatment of endometriosis has involved the administration of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors (for example,anastrozole and letrozole ).


Endometriosis : Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of cells (endometrial cells) similar to those that form the inside or lining the tissue of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometrial cells are cells that are shed each month during menstruation. The cells of endometriosis attach themselves to tissue outside the uterus and are called endometriosis implants. These implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can also be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder, although less commonly than other locations in the pelvis. Rarely, endometriosis implants can occur outside the pelvis, on the liver, in old surgery scars, and even in or around the lung or brain. Endometrial implants, while they can cause problems, are benign (not cancerous). TREATMENT AND MEDICATION Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxensodium) are commonly prescribed to help relieve pelvic pain and menstrual cramping. NSAIDs are commonly used, such as naproxen or ibuprofen, are commonly used. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH analogs) have been effectively used to relieve pain and reduce the size of endometriosis implants. Oral contraceptive pills Oral contraceptive pills (estrogen and progesterone in combination) are also sometimes used to treat endometriosis. The most common combination used is in the form of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Progestins Progestins [for example, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone acetate, norgestrel acetate ] are more potent than birth control pills and are recommended for women who do not obtain pain relief from or cannot take a birth control pill. Other drugs used to treat endometriosis Danazol Danazol is a synthetic drug that creates a high androgen (male type hormone) and low estrogen hormonal environment by interfering with ovulation and ovarian production of estrogen., Aromatase inhibitors A newer approach to the treatment of endometriosis has involved the administration of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors (for example,anastrozole and letrozole ).


Paget's disease of bone : Paget disease is a localized disorder of bone remodeling that typically begins with excessive bone resorption followed by an increase in bone formation. This osteoclastic overactivity followed by compensatory osteoblastic activity leads to a structurally disorganized mosaic of bone (woven bone), which is mechanically weaker, larger, less compact, more vascular, and more susceptible to fracture than normal adult lamellar bone.Individuals with Paget's disease experience rapid isolated bone repair, which causes a variety of symptoms from softer bones to enlarged bone growth, typically involving one or more bones of the pelvis, low back (spine), hips, thighs, head (skull) and arms. Medical therapies have proven effective in reducing the frequency of pain, fractures and arthritis that may be caused by this condition. Medications that help reduce the pain associated with Paget's include acetaminophen and anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen. In addition, bisphosphonates reduce the pain and help the body regulate the bone-building process to stimulate more normal bone growth. Alendronate , Etidronate, Risedronate to be taken orally.There are also injectable medications. Injectable medications that can be given for Paget's include Pamidronate which is injected in the vein once a month or once every few months. Zoledronic acid which is injected in the vein once a year. Calcitonin, a hormone that is injected under the skin several times a week.Surgery for arthritis caused from Paget's disease is effective in reducing pain and improving function.Medical treatment is not expected to correct some of the changes of the Paget's disease that have already occurred, such as hearing loss, deformity or osteoarthritis.


Osteoporosis : Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine. Bone is living tissue, which is constantly being absorbed and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone. Symptoms Signs and symptoms include: • Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra • Loss of height over time • A stooped posture • A bone fracture that occurs much more easily than expected Treatments For both men and women, the most widely prescribed osteoporosis medications are bisphosphonates. Examples include: • Alendronate (Fosamax, Binosto) • Risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia) • Ibandronate (Boniva) • Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa)