Parkinson's disease : Parkinson's disease (PD also known as idiopathic or primary Parkinsonism, hypokinetic rigid syndrome/HRS, or paralysis agitans) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain; the cause of this cell death is unknown. Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability are the cardinal features of Parkinsonism and may be present in any combination. There may also be a mild decline in intellectual function. The tremor of about four to six cycles per second is most conspicuous at rest, is enhanced by emotional stress, and is often less severe during voluntary activity. Although it may ultimately be present in all limbs, the tremor is commonly confined to one limb or to the limbs on one side for months or years before it becomes more generalized.
Commonly used drugs in Parkinson disease include Levodopa-Carbidopa combination, Anticholinergics (orphenadrine , procyclidine ,trihexyphenidyl ), Dopamine Agonists( Bromocriptine, Carbergoline, Ropinirole, Pramipexole and Lisuride.), COMT inhibitors (entacapone ,Tolcapone) and MAO-B inhibitors ( rasagiline,selegiline)
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) : Restless leg syndrome (RLS, restless legs syndrome) is a common cause of painful legs. The leg pain of restless leg syndrome typically eases with motion of the legs and becomes more noticeable at rest. Restless leg syndrome also features worsening of symptoms and leg pain during the early evening or later at night. The cause of restless leg syndrome is unknown in most people. However, restless leg syndrome has been associated with
• pregnancy,
• obesity,
• smoking,
• iron deficiency and anemia,
• nerve disease,
• polyneuropathy (which can be associated with hypothyroidism, heavy metal toxicity, toxins, and many other conditions),
• other hormone diseases such as diabetes, and
• kidney failure (which can be associated with vitamin and mineral deficiency)
If your symptoms do not improve, drugs may be used to control the urge to move and help you sleep, such as:
• Dopamine agonists, such as ropinirole (Requip).
• Anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin (for example, Neurontin).
• Opioids, such as oxycodone (for example, Percodan).
• Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (for example, Valium).