Peptic ulcer disease : A peptic ulcer is a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an area called the duodenum.A peptic ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer. An ulcer in the duodenum is called a duodenal ulcer. Major causes of Peptic ulcer disease(PUD) are Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially in patients with risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use. Diagnostic testing for PUD includes procedures used to document the presence of an ulcer, usually endoscopy, and tests that document the presence of H. pylori infection. Eradication of H. pylori, involving the use of at least two antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) for 10 to 14 days, plays a major role in curing PUD. Antibiotics to treat PUD include clarithromycin , amoxicillin, tetracycline, or metronidazole. Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole or esomeprazole), bismuth subsalicylate and ulcer protectants( sucralfate) are the other mainstays in PUD treatment.
GERD : Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease is a chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus
The treatments for GERD include lifestyle modifications, medications, and possibly surgery. Initial treatment is frequently with a proton-pump inhibitor such as omeprazole.
Gastric Ulcer : gastric ulcer, also known as peptic ulcer, stomach ulcer &peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a distinct breach in the mucosa of the stomach as a result of caustic effects of acid and pepsin in the lumen.
Younger patients with ulcer-like symptoms are often treated with antacids or H2 antagonists before EGD is undertaken.Patients who are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed a prostaglandin analogue (Misoprostol) in order to help prevent peptic ulcers, which are a side-effect of the NSAIDs. When H. pylori infection is present, the most effective treatments are combinations of 2 antibiotics (e.g. Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole) and 1 proton pump inhibitor(PPI), sometimes together with a bismuth compound. In complicated, treatment-resistant cases, 3 antibiotics (e.g. amoxicillin + clarithromycin + metronidazole) may be used together with a PPI and sometimes with bismuth compound. An effective first-line therapy for uncomplicated cases would be Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Pantoprazole (a PPI). In the absence of H. pylori, long-term higher dose PPIs are often used.