Asthma : According to WHO - Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood. It is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. In an individual, they may occur from hour to hour and day to day.
This condition is due to inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and affects the sensitivity of the nerve endings in the airways so they become easily irritated. In an attack, the lining of the passages swell causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air in and out of the lungs.
Classification of drugs
1. Bronchodialators
A. Sympathomimetics : Adrenaline, Ephedrine, Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmetrol, Formoterol.
B. Methylxanthines : Theophylline, Aminophylline, Hydroxyethyl theophylline.
C. Anticholinergics: Atropine, Ipratropium bromide
2. Leukotrienne antagonis - Montelukast, Zafirlukast
3. Mast cell stabilizers : Sodium cromglycate, Nedocromil,Krtotifen.
4. Corticosteroids : a) Systemic : Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone and others
b) Inhalational : Beclomethasone dipropionate, Budesonide, Flunisolide
Allergic rhinitis : Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. It occurs when an allergen, such as pollen, dust, or animal dander (particles of shed skin and hair) is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system. In such individuals, the allergen triggers the production of the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE), which binds to mast cells and basophils containing histamine.Allergic rhinitis caused by pollens commonly called hay fever or seasonal allergy.
Drugs Used
(1) ANTIHISTAMINES - Azelastine Hydrochloride
(2) CORTICOSTEROIDS - Beclometasone, Betamethasone,Budesonide,Fflunisolide,Fluticasone, Mometasone, and Triamcinolone
(3) DECONGESTANTS - Cromoglicate