Gastric Ulcer : gastric ulcer, also known as peptic ulcer, stomach ulcer &peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a distinct breach in the mucosa of the stomach as a result of caustic effects of acid and pepsin in the lumen.
Younger patients with ulcer-like symptoms are often treated with antacids or H2 antagonists before EGD is undertaken.Patients who are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed a prostaglandin analogue (Misoprostol) in order to help prevent peptic ulcers, which are a side-effect of the NSAIDs. When H. pylori infection is present, the most effective treatments are combinations of 2 antibiotics (e.g. Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole) and 1 proton pump inhibitor(PPI), sometimes together with a bismuth compound. In complicated, treatment-resistant cases, 3 antibiotics (e.g. amoxicillin + clarithromycin + metronidazole) may be used together with a PPI and sometimes with bismuth compound. An effective first-line therapy for uncomplicated cases would be Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Pantoprazole (a PPI). In the absence of H. pylori, long-term higher dose PPIs are often used.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) : Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP), adenofibromyomatous hyperplasia and benign prostatic hypertrophy (technically incorrect usage), is an increase in size of the prostate.
Treatment
Lifestyle alterations to address the symptoms of BPH include decreasing fluid intake before bedtime, moderating the consumption of alcohol and caffeine-containing products, and following a timed voiding schedule. The two main medications for management of BPH are alpha blockers and 5a-reductase inhibitors. Alpha blockers used for BPH include doxazosin,terazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin, and silodosin. The 5a-reductase inhibitors finasteride] and dutasterideare another treatment option
GERD : Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease is a chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus
The treatments for GERD include lifestyle modifications, medications, and possibly surgery. Initial treatment is frequently with a proton-pump inhibitor such as omeprazole.