Indigestion : Indigestion, is a condition of impaired digestion proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are effective for the treatment of heartburn. Traditional therapies used for this diagnosis include lifestyle modification, antacids, H2-receptor antagonists (H2-RAs), prokinetic agents, and antiflatulents


Gastric Ulcer : gastric ulcer, also known as peptic ulcer, stomach ulcer &peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a distinct breach in the mucosa of the stomach as a result of caustic effects of acid and pepsin in the lumen. Younger patients with ulcer-like symptoms are often treated with antacids or H2 antagonists before EGD is undertaken.Patients who are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed a prostaglandin analogue (Misoprostol) in order to help prevent peptic ulcers, which are a side-effect of the NSAIDs. When H. pylori infection is present, the most effective treatments are combinations of 2 antibiotics (e.g. Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole) and 1 proton pump inhibitor(PPI), sometimes together with a bismuth compound. In complicated, treatment-resistant cases, 3 antibiotics (e.g. amoxicillin + clarithromycin + metronidazole) may be used together with a PPI and sometimes with bismuth compound. An effective first-line therapy for uncomplicated cases would be Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Pantoprazole (a PPI). In the absence of H. pylori, long-term higher dose PPIs are often used.


Gastritis : Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach and has many possible causes.Common causes of gastritis are excessive alcoholconsumption or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Antacids neutralize stomach acid and can provide fast pain relief. When antacids do not provide enough relief, medications such as cimetidine, ranitidine, nizatidine or famotidine that help reduce the amount of acid the stomach produces are often prescribed.[ An even more effective way to limit stomach acid production is using Proton pump inhibitors.This class of medications includes omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and esomeprazole.


GERD : Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease is a chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus The treatments for GERD include lifestyle modifications, medications, and possibly surgery. Initial treatment is frequently with a proton-pump inhibitor such as omeprazole.


Peptic ulcer disease : A peptic ulcer is a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an area called the duodenum.A peptic ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer. An ulcer in the duodenum is called a duodenal ulcer. Major causes of Peptic ulcer disease(PUD) are Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially in patients with risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use. Diagnostic testing for PUD includes procedures used to document the presence of an ulcer, usually endoscopy, and tests that document the presence of H. pylori infection. Eradication of H. pylori, involving the use of at least two antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) for 10 to 14 days, plays a major role in curing PUD. Antibiotics to treat PUD include clarithromycin , amoxicillin, tetracycline, or metronidazole. Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole or esomeprazole), bismuth subsalicylate and ulcer protectants( sucralfate) are the other mainstays in PUD treatment.


Heartburn : Heartburn is a painful burning feeling just below or behind the breastbone. Most of the time it comes from the esophagus. The pain often rises in your chest from your stomach and may spread to your neck or throat. Almost everyone has heartburn sometimes. If you have heartburn very often, you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Normally when food or liquid enters your stomach, a band of muscle at the end of your esophagus closes off the esophagus. This band is called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). If this band does not close tightly enough, food or stomach acid can back up (reflux) into the esophagus. The stomach contents can irritate the esophagus and cause heartburn and other symptoms. Pregnancy and many medications can bring on heartburn or make it worse. Medication Antacids may be taken after meals, at bedtime, or when needed, to bind excess acid in the stomach and to coat the esophagus. Histamine H2 antagonists are medications that block the action of histamine (a chemical that stimulates stomach cells to produce acid) on the acid-producing cells of the stomach. This decreases acid production to hopefully decrease symptoms. Examples include: • cimetidine (Tagamet), • ranitidine (Zantac), and • famotidine (Pepcid). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are another class of drugs that block the production of acid by the stomach. PPIs include: • omeprazole (Prilosec, Rapinex), • rabeprazole (Aciphex) • pantoprazole (Protonix) • lansoprazole (Prevacid), and • esomeprazole (Nexium).