Psoriasis : Psoriasis a complex, chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate. Environmental, genetic, and immunologic factors appear to play a role. The disease most commonly manifests on the skin of the elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas, intergluteal clefts, and glans penis. In up to 30% of patients, the joints are also affected. Medications used in the management of psoriasis include Topical corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone acetonide 0.025-0.1% cream, betamethasone 0.025-0.1% cream), Ophthalmic corticosteroids (eg, prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic, dexamethasone ophthalmic), Intramuscular corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone). Coal tar ,Keratolytic agents (eg, anthralin), Vitamin D analogs (eg, calcitriol ointment, calcipotriene, calcipotriene and betamethasone topical ointment) and Topical retinoids (eg, tazarotene aqueous gel and cream 0.05% and 0.1%) are frequently used in the management of Psoriasis. Other choices include Antimetabolites (eg, methotrexate), Immunomodulators (eg, tacrolimus topical 0.1%, cyclosporine, alefacept, ustekinumab), TNF inhibitors (eg, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab) and Systemic antipsoriatic agents. (eg, ustekinumab)


Asthma : According to WHO - Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood. It is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. In an individual, they may occur from hour to hour and day to day. This condition is due to inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and affects the sensitivity of the nerve endings in the airways so they become easily irritated. In an attack, the lining of the passages swell causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air in and out of the lungs. Classification of drugs 1. Bronchodialators A. Sympathomimetics : Adrenaline, Ephedrine, Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmetrol, Formoterol. B. Methylxanthines : Theophylline, Aminophylline, Hydroxyethyl theophylline. C. Anticholinergics: Atropine, Ipratropium bromide 2. Leukotrienne antagonis - Montelukast, Zafirlukast 3. Mast cell stabilizers : Sodium cromglycate, Nedocromil,Krtotifen. 4. Corticosteroids : a) Systemic : Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone and others b) Inhalational : Beclomethasone dipropionate, Budesonide, Flunisolide


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : .


Asthma : According to WHO - Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood. It is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. In an individual, they may occur from hour to hour and day to day. This condition is due to inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and affects the sensitivity of the nerve endings in the airways so they become easily irritated. In an attack, the lining of the passages swell causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air in and out of the lungs. Classification of drugs 1. Bronchodialators A. Sympathomimetics : Adrenaline, Ephedrine, Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmetrol, Formoterol. B. Methylxanthines : Theophylline, Aminophylline, Hydroxyethyl theophylline. C. Anticholinergics: Atropine, Ipratropium bromide 2. Leukotrienne antagonis - Montelukast, Zafirlukast 3. Mast cell stabilizers : Sodium cromglycate, Nedocromil,Krtotifen. 4. Corticosteroids : a) Systemic : Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone and others b) Inhalational : Beclomethasone dipropionate, Budesonide, Flunisolide


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : .


Asthma : According to WHO - Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood. It is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. In an individual, they may occur from hour to hour and day to day. This condition is due to inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and affects the sensitivity of the nerve endings in the airways so they become easily irritated. In an attack, the lining of the passages swell causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air in and out of the lungs. Classification of drugs 1. Bronchodialators A. Sympathomimetics : Adrenaline, Ephedrine, Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmetrol, Formoterol. B. Methylxanthines : Theophylline, Aminophylline, Hydroxyethyl theophylline. C. Anticholinergics: Atropine, Ipratropium bromide 2. Leukotrienne antagonis - Montelukast, Zafirlukast 3. Mast cell stabilizers : Sodium cromglycate, Nedocromil,Krtotifen. 4. Corticosteroids : a) Systemic : Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone and others b) Inhalational : Beclomethasone dipropionate, Budesonide, Flunisolide


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : .


Asthma : According to WHO - Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood. It is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. In an individual, they may occur from hour to hour and day to day. This condition is due to inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and affects the sensitivity of the nerve endings in the airways so they become easily irritated. In an attack, the lining of the passages swell causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air in and out of the lungs. Classification of drugs 1. Bronchodialators A. Sympathomimetics : Adrenaline, Ephedrine, Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmetrol, Formoterol. B. Methylxanthines : Theophylline, Aminophylline, Hydroxyethyl theophylline. C. Anticholinergics: Atropine, Ipratropium bromide 2. Leukotrienne antagonis - Montelukast, Zafirlukast 3. Mast cell stabilizers : Sodium cromglycate, Nedocromil,Krtotifen. 4. Corticosteroids : a) Systemic : Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone and others b) Inhalational : Beclomethasone dipropionate, Budesonide, Flunisolide


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : .