Osteoarthritis : Osteoarthritis also called Degenerative joint disease, OA, Osteoarthrosis . Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, which is due to aging and wear and tear on a joint. Osteoarthritis is a normal result of aging. It is also caused by "wear and tear" on a joint.
• Cartilage is the firm, rubbery tissue that cushions your bones at the joints, and allows bones to glide over one another.
• If the cartilage breaks down and wears away, the bones rub together. This causes pain, swelling, and stiffness.
• Bony spurs or extra bone may form around the joint. The ligaments and muscles around the joint become weaker and stiffer.
Symptoms
Pain and stiffness in the joints are the most common symptoms. The pain is often worse after exercise and when you put weight or pressure on the joint.
MEDICATIONS
Over-the-counter pain relievers, which you can buy without a prescription, can help with OA symptoms. Most doctors recommend acetaminophen (Tylenol) first, because it has fewer side effects than other drugs. If your pain continues, your doctor may recommend nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Types of NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen.
Other medications or supplements that you may use include:
• Corticosteroids injected right into the joint to reduce swelling and pain
• Over-the-counter remedies such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate
• Capsaicin (Zostrix) skin cream to relieve pain
• Artificial joint fluid (Synvisc, Hyalgan) can be injected into the knee to relieve pain for 3 - 6 months
Dysmenorrhea : Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition of pain during menstruation that interferes with daily activities. Still, dysmenorrhea is often defined simply as menstrual pain, or at least menstrual pain that is excessive. Normal menstruation that happens to be painful is known as primary dysmenorrhoea. Period pain caused by certain reproductive disorders, such as endometriosis or fibroids, is known as secondary dysmenorrhoea.
Symptoms of dysmenorrhea often begin immediately following ovulation and can last until the end of menstruation. Usual symptoms are
Pain in the lower abdomen that can spread to the lower back and legs.
Pain that is gripping or experienced as a constant ache, or a combination of both.
Along with menstrual pain nausea ,vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea etc may occur.
RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis) : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. An external trigger (eg, infection, or trauma) that triggers an autoimmune reaction, leading to synovial hypertrophy and chronic joint inflammation along with the potential for extra-articular manifestations, is theorized to occur in genetically susceptible individuals. In most patients with RA, onset is insidious, often beginning with fever, malaise, arthralgias, and weakness before progressing to joint inflammation and swelling.
Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include the following:
• Persistent symmetric polyarthritis (synovitis) of hands and feet (hallmark feature)
• Progressive articular deterioration
• Extra-articular involvement
• morning stiffness lasting more than one hour for at least six weeks
• Difficulty performing activities of daily living
• Constitutional symptoms
Nonbiologic disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs (DMARDs ) include Hydroxychloroquine, Azathioprine, Sulfasalazine, Methotrexate, Leflunomide, Cyclosporine, Gold salts and D-penicillamine.
Biologic TNF-inhibiting DMARDs include Etanercept,Infliximab, Adalimumab and Certolizumab.
Biologic non-TNF DMARDs include Rituximab, Anakinra, Abatacept, Tocilizumab and Tofacitinib.
Other drugs used therapeutically include Corticosteroids, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Analgesics.